These arguments have been opposed by some scholars defending the early dating of the traditional accounts and arguing for other interpretations of the archaeological evidence. Instead, he has inferred that Argyll formed part of a common Q-Celtic-speaking area with Ireland, connected rather than divided by the sea, since the Iron Age. Campbell has also questioned the age and reliability of the medieval historical sources speaking of a conquest. : 551 : 66 An alternative view has been voiced by archaeologist Ewan Campbell, who has argued that the putative migration or takeover is not reflected in archaeological or placename data (as pointed out earlier by Leslie Alcock). These data give some indication of the extent of medieval Gaelic settlement in Scotland.īased on medieval traditional accounts and the apparent evidence from linguistic geography, Gaelic has been commonly believed to have been brought to Scotland, in the 4th–5th centuries CE, by settlers from Ireland who founded the Gaelic kingdom of Dál Riata on Scotland's west coast in present-day Argyll. Ĭumbric may have survived in this zone Place names in Scotland that contain the element bal- from the Scottish Gaelic baile meaning home, farmstead, town or city.
However, it is classed as an indigenous language under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, which the UK Government has ratified, and the Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act 2005 established a language-development body, Bòrd na Gàidhlig. Scottish Gaelic is not an official language of the United Kingdom. In the 2016 national census, nearly 4,000 Canadian residents claimed knowledge of Scottish Gaelic, with a particular concentration in Nova Scotia. Outside Scotland, a dialect known as Canadian Gaelic has been spoken in eastern Canada and Glengarry County, Ontario since the 18th century. Nevertheless, there is a language revival, and the number of speakers of the language under age 20 did not decrease between the 20 censuses. The highest percentages of Gaelic speakers were in the Outer Hebrides. In the 2011 census of Scotland, 57,375 people (1.1% of the Scottish population aged over 3 years old) reported being able to speak Gaelic, 1,275 fewer than in 2001. Most of modern Scotland was once Gaelic-speaking, as evidenced especially by Gaelic-language place names. It became a distinct spoken language sometime in the 13th century in the Middle Irish period, although a common literary language was shared by the Gaels of both Ireland and Scotland until well into the 17th century. As a Goidelic language, Scottish Gaelic, as well as both Irish and Manx, developed out of Old Irish. Scottish Gaelic ( Scottish Gaelic: Gàidhlig ( listen)), also known as Scots Gaelic and Gaelic, is a Goidelic language (in the Celtic branch of the Indo-European language family) native to the Gaels of Scotland.
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